The observed dipole moment of H 2 O = 1.85 D. The H – O bond distance is 0.94 Å and HOH bond angle is 105º.
cos 52.5º = 0.609 ; cos 105º = – 0.26
Determine the percentage fractional charges on each oxygen atom in terms of charge of electron in nearest possible integers.
Charge of electron = 4.8 × 10 –10 e. s. u.
Text Solution
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67
Sol.
Resultant dp moment
= 
= 
= 
× µ O–H × 
= 1.216 × µ O–H
∴ µ O–H = 
= 1.52 D.
= 1.52 × 10 –18 esu-cm.
( µ O–H ) cal = 4.8 × 10 –10 × 0.94 × 10 –8
= 4.8 × 0.94 × 10 –18 esu-cm
∴ fractional negative charge on oxygen atom for each O – H bond = 
= 0.336
∴ total fractional negative charge on oxygen atom = 0.336 × 2 = 0.672
∴ % fractional negative charge on oxygen atom = 67.2 % ~ 67 %
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